Phenix

Phenix was one of the earliest clubs in Turkey to feature Turkish born players. Although the earliest league in Istanbul was established in 1904, Turks were still prohibited from playing by the laws of the Ottoman Empire.
An illustration of how seriously this was taken can be seen in an incident from 1901.
A group of Turkish would be players founded a club, which they gave an English name- Black Stockings. Their first game was halted by the police and a number of players were arrested.

Football...seems to rouse him as nothing else can.

The Lancashire Daily Post 06.06.34

23.02.34: Fenerbahçe v Galatasaray. Nominally a friendly, the match descended into chaos.

Billy Hunter

Scottish outside left Billy Hunter played 150 games for Southern League Millwall Athletic before joining Bolton Wanderers in 1908. Hunter made 55 first team appearances for Bolton over the next 4 seasons.
In 1912 Hunter became manager of Football Club Dordrecht in the Netherlands, and ran the Dutch national side for 4 matches:

15.03.14	Belgium	2	4	Netherlands	Beerschot A.C. Stadion, Antwerp
05.04.14	Netherlands	4	4	Germany	Het Oude Stadion, Amsterdam
26.04.14	Netherlands	4	2	Belgium	Het Oude Stadion, Amsterdam
17.05.14	Denmark	4	3	Netherlands	Copenhagen

P	W	D	L	F	A
4	2	1	1	15	12

He interrupted his career in 1914 to enlist in the British Army.
After the war Hunter coached Lausanne in Switzerland and was involved with  Hakoah Wien in 1923 when they famously beat West Ham United at The Boleyn Ground .
In 1924 Hunter became manager of SK Galatasaray in Istanbul. He managed the Turkish national side in their Olympic debut in 1924. In all he was in charge of the Turkish side for 12 matches:

25.05.24	Czechoslovakia	5	2	Turkey	Stade de Bergeyre, Paris
17.06.24	Finland	2	4	Turkey	Helsinki
19.06.24	Estonia	1	4	Turkey	Tallin
22.06.24	Latvia	1	3	Turkey	Riga
29.06.24	Poland	2	0	Turkey	Łódź
16.11.24	Soviet Union	3	0	Turkey	Moscow
10.04.25	Turkey	2	1	Bulgaria	Istanbul
01.05.25	Romania	1	2	Turkey	Bucharest
15.05.25	Turkey	1	2	Soviet Union	Ankara
02.10.25	Turkey	1	2	Poland	Istanbul
07.05.26	Turkey	1	3	Romania	Istanbul
12.09.26	Poland	6	1	Turkey	Lviv

P	W	D	L	F	A
12	5	0	7	21	29

Zeki Rıza Sporel

Zeki on the attack against Galatasaray

Zeki Rıza Sporel joined Fenerbahçe as a youth, making his first team debut at 18. In a remarkable 19 year career for the club he scored 470 goals in 352 first team appearances .

Zeki played 16 internationals between 1923 (Turkey's first) and 1927. He scored 15 international goals and was captain on 10 occasions. 

Turkey

 Zeki's first goal

Turkey's first international match was played at Taksim Stadium, Istanbul on October 26th 1923. Romania were the opponents. Fenerbahçe's Zeki Rıza Sporel scored Turkey's first ever goal, a 32nd minute equalizer. Zeki scored again to put Turkey ahead in the 50th minute. The game finished 2-2.

Turkey:
Nedim Kaleci (Altınordu SK İstanbul)
Hasan Kamil Sporel  (Fenerbahçe) 
Cafer Çağatay (Fenerbahçe)
İsmet Uluğ (Fenerbahçe)
Nihat Bekdik (Galatasaray)  
Baron Fevzi (Altınordu SK İstanbul)
Emin Bey (Altınordu SK İstanbul)  
Alaeddin Baydar (Fenerbahçe)  
Zeki Rıza Sporel (Fenerbahçe)  
Sabih Arca (Fenerbahçe)
Bedri Gürsoy (Fenerbahçe)

İbrahim Kelle (Altınordu SK İstanbul) replaced Baron Fevzi (32mins)

Soviet Union v Turkey 1924 - 1935

The Soviet Union (USSR) was not a member of  FIFA. This made it impossible for other FIFA members to play against The Soviet Union without facing sanctions. 
One nation that was willing to overlook the ban was Turkey.
In 1924 and 1925 the Soviet Union played Turkey in Moscow and Ankara. Turkey classify these two matches as being official full internationals, and the annals of Soviet football list the games, along with the 1923 game with Estonia as being their only official matches prior to 1952.

USSR 1924

16.11.24: USSR 3- 0 Turkey

Moscow,  V. Vorovskij Stadium (15000)

15.05.25: Turkey 1-2 USSR

Ankara, Shtiklyal Stadium (5000)

Turkey were then warned by FIFA not to engage in matches with non-FIFA nations. They continued to meet with the Soviets on a regular basis, employing  some subterfuge in order to avoid FIFA's ire.
Turkish records show the series of games that occurred between 1931 and 1935 as 'B' internationals, although Turkish football scholars note that the teams contained on average 8 or 9 players who had won full international caps.
In order to further thicken the smokescreen Turkey added the suffix 'Universities' or 'Peoples Houses' to the teams. 
By way of explanation 'Peoples Houses'' (Народный дом) were popular establishments in pre revolutionary Russia- similar to workingmen's institutes in the UK, they were centres of  culture, leisure and education. After the Revolution the term fell out of use, being replaced by 'House of Culture'. The idea was copied in Turkey, where a state sponsored project established Halkevleri (Peoples' Houses) from 1932 onwards.

The following matches were played from 1931-1935:

20.08.31: USSR 3- 2 Turkey Universities

Moscow,  Dinamo Stadium (50000)

21.10.32: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 2-2 USSR

Istanbul, Fenerbahche Stadium (12000)

USSR in Turkey October 1932

In October 1932 the Soviet national selection played 3 matches in Turkey:

23.10.32: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 0-4 USSR

Istanbul , Taksim Stadium (9000)

27.10.32: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 0-1 USSR

Ankara, Shtiklyal Stadium (8000)

30. 10.32: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 2-3 USSR

Ankara, Shtiklyal Stadium (10000)

1932 squad:

Alexander Babkin (KhPZ); Valentin Granatkin (Krasni Luch); Alexander Starostin (Ducatti); Konstantin  Fomin (Dinamo Kharkov);  Pavel Pchelikov (Krasni Proletari); Andrei Starostin (Ducatti); Fyodor Selin (Dinamo Moscow); Yevgeni Nikishin (CDKA Moscow); Ivan Privalov(Dinamo Moscow); Nikolai Starostin (Ducatti); Yevgeni  Eliseev (Baltvod Leningrad); Vasily Smirnov (Dinamo Moscow); Mikhail Butusov (Dinamo Leningrad); Vasily Pavlov (Dinamo Moscow); Valentin Prokofiev (Dinamo Kiev); Vladimir Stepanov (CSKA Moscow); Sergei  Ilin(Dinamo Moscow).

30.07.33: USSR 1-2 Turkey Peoples’ Houses

Moscow,  Dinamo Stadium  (50000)

07.08.34: USSR 2-1 Turkey Peoples’ Houses

Moscow,  Dinamo Stadium  (60000)

USSR in Turkey October 1935

The Soviet tourists played 6 games in Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir.

USSR 25.10.1935 

 13.10.35 Andrei Starotsin, Captain of the Soviet Union

13.10.35 Smirnov puts the Soviets 2-0 up from the penalty spot.

13.10.35: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 1-2  USSR

Istanbul, Fenerbahche Stadium (20000)

 15.10.35 Konstantin Fomin , Captain of the Soviet Union

15.10.35: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 2-2 USSR

Istanbul , Taksim Stadium (12000)

19.10.35: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 3-3 USSR

Ankara, Ankaragucu Stadium (30000)

21.10.35: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 2-3 USSR

Ankara, Ankaragucu Stadium (10000)

25.10.35: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 1-2 USSR

Izmir , Alsandzhak Stadium (10000)

27.10.35: Turkey Peoples’ Houses 3-3 USSR

Izmir , Alsandzhak Stadium (8000)

1935 squad:

Ivan Ryzhov (Spartak Moscow); Georgi Shorets  (Stalinets Leningrad); Viktor Teterin (Dinamo Moscow); Alexander  Starostin (Spartak Moscow); Lev Korchebokov (Dinamo Moscow); Konstantin  Fomin (Dinamo Kiev); Stanislav Leuta (Spartak Moscow); Alexander Remin (Dinamo Moscow); Boris Ivin (Stalinets Leningrad); Andrei  Starostin (Spartak Moscow); Valentin Fedorov (Dinamo Leningrad); Alexei Lapshin (Dinamo Moscow); Viktor Shilovsky (Dinamo Kiev); Mikhail Yakushin (Dinamo Moscow); Petr Dementiev (Dinamo Leningrad); Konstantin Schegodsky (Dinamo Kiev); Vasily Smirnov (Dinamo Moscow); Vasily Pavlov (Dinamo Moscow); Vladimir Kuskov  (Spartak Leningrad); Sergei Ilin (Dinamo Moscow).

Acknowledgements to Oxana Smirnova & www.RussiaTeam.ru

Turkey-The Istanbul Sunday League

HMS Imogene FC 1904-05

 Cadi-keuy FC 1905-06

Cadi-keuy FC 1906-07

 

 Moda FC 1907-1908

Galatasaray SK 1908-09

Galatasaray SK 1909-10

 

Galatasaray SK 1910-11

 Fenerbahçe SK 1911-12

 

 Fenerbahçe SK 1913-14

The Istanbul Sunday League was started in 1904 and was the first football league in Turkey. With Turks legally barred from playing football, foreign influence, particularly British and Greek, was great. In fact, the first ever winners of the Istanbul Sunday League were HMS Imogene FC, drawn from the crew of a British naval vessel. By 1906 more familiar names were appearing: Galatasaray won 3 titles in a row up to 1911, followed by the first triumph of their arch rivals Fenerbahçe. 

Turkey

When on a military posting to Izmir  in 1898 Fuat Hüsnü Kayacan (above) became the first Turkish man to play football.
 Football was played in  Thessaloniki and Izmir as early as 1875. F.C. Smyrna (Izmir) was the first football  club in Turkey. The game appeared in Istanbul in 1895. As The Ottoman Empire prohibited Turkish people from playing, these early sides were made up of wealthy English, Greek and Armenian expats.
In 1901 Fuat Hüsnü Kayacan was instrumental in forming a club called  Black Stockings FC  for Turkish players, but the police curtailed their activities and their one and only fixture, against Greek opposition, was abandoned.
Historians of Fenerbahçe identify Black Stockings FC as their predecessors. Fuat Hüsnü Kayacan had connections with all the major clubs in Istanbul at the time, being influential at both Fenerbahçe and Galatasary.

In 1908 football for Turkish subjects was decriminalised.